Tramadol, M1 metabolite and enantiomer affinities for cloned human opioid receptors expressed in transfected HN9.10 neuroblastoma cells

Tramadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting synthetic analgesic in widespread clinical use. Despite different degrees of opioid-like characteristics in preclinical tests, it is characterized by lack of full naloxone reversibility or naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in humans. To investigate this apparent discrepancy, the present study measured the affinity of tramadol (and its enantiomers) and an active O-desmethyl metabolite (M1) (and its enantiomers) to cloned human opioid receptors of the mu, delta and kappa type stably expressed in HN9.10 neuroblastoma cells. At mu sites, the Ki values for tramadol, its (+) and (-) enantiomers, M1, and its (+) and (-) enantiomers were 17000, 15700, 28800, 3190, 153 and 9680 nM, respectively, compared to 7.1 nM for morphine. These results are consistent with the suggestion of a non-opioid contribution to the clinical profile of tramadol.     

A method of calculating the compression deformation modulus of sandy and gravelly soils

A method based on use of Hardin's homogeneous model is proposed for calculation of the deformation modulus of noncohesive soils. Completely satisfactory correspondence between computed and experimental values of the deformation modulus of sands is demonstrated. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 4, pp. 2–5, July–August, 1994.     

碱性氰化物防渗碳光亮镀铜工艺的研究

本文介绍了一种高效率，高韧性，防渗碳底铜工艺，可以大辐度提高镀层的沉积速度，降低铜层孔隙率，提高产品合格率，具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

Application of artificial neural networks in voltage stabilityassessment

Voltage stability problems have been one of the major concerns for electric utilities as a result of system heavy loading. This paper reports on an investigation on the application of ANNs in voltage stability assessment. A multilayer feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) with error backpropagation learning is proposed for calculation of voltage stability margins (VSM). Based on the energy method, a direct mapping relation between power system loading conditions and the VSMs is set up via the ANN. A systematic method for selecting the ANN's input variables was developed using sensitivity analysis. The effects of ANN's training pattern sensitivity problems were also studied by dividing system operating conditions into several loading levels based on sensitivity analysis. Extensive testing of the proposed ANN-based approach indicate its viability for power system voltage stability assessment. Simulation results on five test systems are reported in the paper     

中温低氰液体碳氮共渗及其应用效果

通过金相、硬度、耐磨性等测试分析表明，在“６０３”液体渗碳基础上研制出的新型中温低氰液体碳氮共渗剂对薄片件进行薄层碳氮共渗．能完全满足技术要求，并且取得了良好经济和社会效益．     

Characterization of expression of phosphofructokinase isoforms in isolated rat pancreatic islets and purified beta cells and cloning and expression of the rat phosphofructokinase-A isoform

We prepared polymers having a phospholipid polar group, poly [omega-methacryloyloxyalkyl phosphorylcholine (MAPC)-co-n-butyl methacrylate(BMA)], as new biomedical materials and evaluated their blood compatibility with attention to protein adsorption and platelet adhesion. The total amount of proteins adsorbed on the polymer surface from human plasma was determined, and the distribution of adsorbed proteins on the plasma-contacting surface was analyzed. The amount of proteins adsorbed on every poly (MAPC-co-BMA) was small compared with that observed on polymers without the phospholipid polar group. However, there was no significant difference in the amount of adsorbed proteins on the poly(MAPC-co-BMA) even when the methylene chain length between the phospholipid polar group and the backbone in the MAPC moiety was altered. Platelet adhesion on the polymer surface from a platelet suspension in a buffered solution was evaluated with and without plasma treatment on the surface. When a rabbit platelet suspension was brought into contact with the poly(BMA) surface after treatment with plasma, many platelets adhered and aggregated. However, a reduced amount of platelet adhered on the poly(BMA) was found in the case of direct contact with the platelet suspension. On the other hand, the poly(MAPC-co-BMA)s could inhibit platelet adhesion under both conditions. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the proteins adsorbed on the surface play an important role in determining the platelet adhesion and suppression of the protein adsorption on the surface, which is one of the most significant ways of inhibiting platelet adhesion.     

A Novel Athermal 40-Channel DWDM Multi/Demultiplexer Based on the Combination of AWGs and Interleaver

An athermal 40-channel dense wavelength-division-multiplexing multi/demultiplexer using a novel combination technology is proposed. It consists of one 1times4 100- to 400-GHz spacing interleaver filter and four sub-arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs). The temperature-dependent wavelength shift of the combined device is successfully suppressed to 0.058 nm in the -20degC to 70degC temperature range. Moreover, the combined device's adjacent crosstalk (typically -35 dB) is much better than conventional AWGs (typically -25 dB).     

Nutrient removal performance of an anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic process as a function of influent C/P ratio

The laboratory scale anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic (A²O) process fed with synthetic brewage wastewater was designed to investigate the effects of changing feed C/P ratio on the performance of biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes. In the experiment, the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was kept at approximately 300 mg L^?1 while the total phosphorus concentration was varied to obtain the desired C/P ratio. Results showed that when the C/P ratio was lower than 32, phosphorus removal efficiency increased as C/P ratio increased linearly, while when the C/P ratio was higher than 32, the P removal efficiency was maintained at 90–98%, and effluent P concentration was lower than 0.5 mg L^?1. However, regardless of the C/P ratio, excellent COD removal (90% or higher) and good total nitrogen removal (75–84%) were maintained throughout the experiments. It was also found that very good linear correlation was obtained between COD uptake per unit P released in the anaerobic zone and C/P ratio. In addition, the P content in the wasted activated sludge increased with the decrease in the C/P ratio. Based on the results, it was recommended that the wastewater C/P ratio and its effects be incorporated into BNR design and operational procedures, appropriate C/P ratios were used to achieve the effluent treatment goals. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

钒钛渣对刚玉莫来石耐火材料的侵蚀研究

通过不同温度下钒钛渣对刚玉莫来石耐火材料的侵蚀实验，分析了炉渣、温度对材料的影响，认为致密结构、低气孔率是提高炉衬寿命的关键，板条状莫来石的存在利于减缓渣的侵蚀过程。     

改进的第三代相干算法及应用

在讨论相干技术发展及三代相干算法优缺点的基础上，介绍了改进的第三代相干算法。应用自行开发的相干软件对多个油气勘探和开发区块的三维地震资料进行处理、分析，对相干时窗长度、相关道数等参数对算法效果的影响及相干体对断层、异常地质体的识别，以及解释方法进行了探讨。应用实例证明，改进的第三代相干算法抗干扰能力强，横向分辨率高，不仅适用于倾斜地层，而且对断层尤其对小断层、异常地质体具有较高的检测能力，是油气勘探和开发的一项有效和实用的技术。